Centuries honing a warrior tradition in a series of brutal wars. By Tod Olson The Chinese Dragon 208 B.C.-1428 A.D. In Vietnam, a nation forged in the crucible of war, it is possible to measure time by invasions. Long before the Americans, before the Japanese, before the French even, there were the Chinese. EBSCOhost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including The Vietnam wars. Get access to over 12 million other articles! GRADE 8: MODULE 1: UNIT 1: LESSON 6 “The Vietnam Wars” Copyright © 1995 by Scholastic, Inc. Used by permission and not subject to. Created Date: 9/22/2013 10:56.

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Coordinates: 16°N108°E / 16°N 108°E

Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam(Vietnamese)
Motto: Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
Anthem: Tiến Quân Ca (English: 'Army March')
Location of Vietnam (green) in ASEAN (dark grey) – [Legend]
Capital	Hanoi 21°2′N105°51′E / 21.033°N 105.850°E
Largest city	Ho Chi Minh City
Official language	None^{[n 1]}
National language	Vietnamese
Ethnic groups	85.7% Vietnamese^{[n 2]} 1.9% Tay 1.8% Tai 1.5% Mường 1.5% Khmer 1.2% Hmong 1.1% Nùng 5.3% Others
Religion	73.2% Folk or Irreligious 12.2% Buddhism 8.3% Christianity 4.8% Caodaism 1.4% Hoahaoism 0.1% Other religions^[3]
Demonym(s)	Vietnamese
Government
Nguyễn Phú Trọng
• President	Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh
• Prime Minister	Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân
Legislature	National Assembly
Formation
• Independence declared from France	2 September 1945
21 July 1954
• Reunification	2 July 1976^[4]
28 November 2013^{[n 3]}
Area
• Total	331,212 km² (127,882 sq mi) (65th)
6.38
Population
• 2016 estimate	94,569,072^[6] (15th)
276.03/km² (714.9/sq mi) (46th)
GDP(PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$769.928 billion^[7] (35th)
$8,063^[7] (128th)
GDP(nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$260.301 billion^[7] (47th)
$2,726^[7] (129th)
Gini(2014)	37.6^[8] medium
HDI(2017)	0.694^[9] medium · 116th
Currency	đồng (₫) (VND)
Time zone	UTC+07:00 (Vietnam Standard Time)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+84
ISO 3166 code	VN
Internet TLD	.vn

Vietnam (Vietnamese: Việt Nampronounced [vîət nāːm](listen)), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula. With an estimated 94.6 million inhabitants as of 2016, it is the 15th most populous country in the world. Vietnam shares its land borders with China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares its maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia through the South China Sea.^{[n 4]} Its capital city is Hanoi, while its most populous city is Ho Chi Minh City.

Archaeological excavations indicate that Vietnam was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic age. The ancient Vietnamese nation was annexed by China in the 2nd century BC, which subsequently made Vietnam a division of China for over a millennium. The first independent monarchy emerged in the 10th century AD, paving the way for successive imperial dynasties as the nation expanded geographically southward until the Indochina Peninsula was colonised by the French in the mid-19th century. Modern Vietnam was born upon the Declaration of Independence from France in 1945. Following Vietnamese victory against the French in the First Indochina War, which ended in 1954, the nation was divided into two rival states: communist North and anti-communist South. Conflicts intensified in the Vietnam War, which saw extensive US intervention in support of South Vietnam and ended with North Vietnamese victory in 1975.

After North and South Vietnam were reunified under a unitarysocialist government in 1976, the country became economically and politically isolated until 1986, when the Communist Party initiated a series of economic and political reforms that facilitated Vietnamese integration into world politics and the global economy. As a result of the successful reforms, Vietnam has enjoyed a high GDP growth rate, consistently ranked among the fastest-growing countries in the world, although it faces challenges including poverty, corruption and inadequate social welfare. By 2010, Vietnam had established diplomatic relations with 178 countries. It is a member of the UN, ASEAN, APEC, WTO and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF).

2History
3Geography
4Government and politics
5Economy
6Infrastructure
7Demographics
8Culture
11Notes and references
- 11.2References

Etymology

The name Việt Nam (Vietnamese pronunciation: [viə̀t naːm]) is a variation of Nam Việt (Chinese: 南越; pinyin: Nányuè; literally 'Southern Việt'), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu dynasty of the 2nd century BC.^[11] The word Việt originated as a shortened form of Bách Việt (Chinese: 百越; pinyin: Bǎiyuè), a group of people then living in southern China and Vietnam.^[12] The form 'Vietnam' (越南) is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem Sấm Trạng Trình. The name has also been found on 12 steles carved in the 16th and 17th centuries, including one at Bao Lam Pagoda in Hải Phòng that dates to 1558.^[13] In 1802, Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (who later become Emperor Gia Long) established the Nguyễn dynasty. In the second year of his rule he asked the Jiaqing Emperor of the Qing dynasty to confer him the title 'King of Nam Viet/Nanyue' (南越 in Chinese) after seizing power in Annam. The Emperor refused since the name was related to Zhao Tuo's Nanyue which included the regions of Guangxi and Guangdong in southern China. Therefore the Qing Emperor decided to call the area 'Viet Nam' instead.^{[n 5]}^[15] Between 1804 and 1813, the name Vietnam was used officially by Emperor

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